沼氣的主要成分是CH4和CO2 ,將CO2從混合氣中分離得到的高純度甲烷氣被稱(chēng)為生物天然氣。生物天然氣可以直接作為石化天然氣的替代燃料。人類(lèi)對(duì)天然氣需求量的增加推動(dòng)了生物天然氣技術(shù)的發(fā)展。該文分析了沼氣與天然氣特性的差別及沼氣提純后替代天然氣的可能性,綜述了沼氣提純的方法進(jìn)展,這些方法包括加壓水洗、化學(xué)吸收法、變壓吸附法( pressure swing adsorption ,PSA)、膜分離法、低溫分離法和甲烷原位富集等技術(shù),其中加壓水洗法和PSA法由于在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的綜合優(yōu)勢(shì)成為目前商業(yè)化利用率高的兩項(xiàng)技術(shù),膜分離技術(shù)在降低提純成本和簡(jiǎn)化提純系統(tǒng)方面的性能使其成為具備良好發(fā)展前景的技術(shù),甲烷原位富集技術(shù)在利用高固含率原料生產(chǎn)生物天然氣方面具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。
The main components of biogas are CH4 and CO2, and the high-purity methane gas obtained by separating CO2 from the mixed gas is called biological natural gas. Biological natural gas can be directly used as an alternative fuel for petrochemical natural gas. The increasing demand for natural gas by humans has driven the development of bio natural gas technology. This article analyzes the differences in characteristics between biogas and natural gas, as well as the possibility of biogas purification replacing natural gas. It reviews the progress of methods for biogas purification, including pressurized water washing, chemical absorption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation, low-temperature separation, and in-situ methane enrichment, Among them, the pressurized water washing method and PSA method have become the two most commercially available technologies due to their comprehensive advantages in technology and economy. The performance of membrane separation technology in reducing purification costs and simplifying purification systems makes it a promising technology for development. Methane in-situ enrichment technology has advantages in using high solid content raw materials to produce biological natural gas.
1、農(nóng)村沼氣的利用
1. Utilization of rural biogas
農(nóng)村沼氣綜合利用能有效的為農(nóng)民解決生活能源問(wèn)題，以農(nóng)村現(xiàn)有的植物秸稈、動(dòng)物糞便為原料，利用沼氣池等設(shè)施經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生沼氣，為農(nóng)民提供燃?xì)?、照明、有機(jī)肥料。
The comprehensive utilization of rural biogas can effectively solve the energy problem for farmers, using existing plant straw and animal manure as raw materials in rural areas, and utilizing biogas digesters and other facilities to produce biogas after long-term fermentation, providing gas, lighting, and organic fertilizers for farmers.
2、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)沼氣的利用
2. Utilization of biogas in aquaculture industry
畜禽糞便投入沼氣工程發(fā)酵后產(chǎn)生沼氣，糞便經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)酵后，可直接用于作物肥料、養(yǎng)魚(yú)、喂豬、浸種等，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)種養(yǎng)一體化。主要利用方式為：一是為周邊居民提供燃?xì)猓峭ㄟ^(guò)發(fā)電為養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)提供電力，余電上網(wǎng)。
Livestock and poultry manure is fermented into biogas engineering to produce biogas. After fermentation, the manure can be directly used for crop fertilizer, fish farming, pig feeding, seed soaking, etc., promoting the integration of agricultural planting and breeding. The main utilization methods are: firstly, to provide gas for surrounding residents; secondly, to provide electricity for breeding farms through power generation, while the remaining electricity is connected to the grid.
3、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域沼氣的利用
3. Utilization of biogas in the industrial sector
工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的沼氣利用主要集中在造紙、釀造、食品加工、污水處理等行業(yè)，以工業(yè)廢棄物為原料進(jìn)行發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生沼氣，主要以發(fā)電和供熱為主，可將沼氣用于內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電、大型燃煤鍋爐的助燃或替代原煤，使用小型鍋爐生產(chǎn)蒸汽等。
The utilization of biogas in the industrial field is mainly concentrated in industries such as papermaking, brewing, food processing, and sewage treatment. Industrial waste is used as raw materials for fermentation to produce biogas, mainly for power generation and heating. biogas can be used for internal combustion engine power generation, large coal-fired boilers to support combustion or replace raw coal, and small boilers to produce steam.
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2023-04-24
