氣池建成后，日常的管理好壞對沼氣的產(chǎn)生及運(yùn)用影響很大。沼氣池建立“三分在建池，七分在管理”。沼氣池建好是產(chǎn)氣的根底，但沼氣池的運(yùn)用管理卻是沼氣池高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的關(guān)鍵。
After the completion of the gas pool, the daily management has a great impact on the production and application of biogas. The biogas digester is to be built in three parts and managed in seven parts. The construction of biogas digester is the foundation of gas production, but the application and management of biogas digester is the key to the efficient operation of biogas digester.
（1）及時(shí)補(bǔ)充新原料，確堅(jiān)持續(xù)產(chǎn)沼氣。有些沼氣池在運(yùn)用段時(shí)間后（2～3個(gè)月后），會呈現(xiàn)不產(chǎn)氣或產(chǎn)氣少或產(chǎn)氣但點(diǎn)不著火的現(xiàn)象，這可能是發(fā)酵原料耗費(fèi)完了，這時(shí)應(yīng)思索補(bǔ)充新料。補(bǔ)充新料時(shí)間控制在新沼氣池正常產(chǎn)氣后1．5～2個(gè)月時(shí)停止，新原料補(bǔ)充宜逐步、持續(xù)投人，不可一次投入過多。
(1) timely supplement new raw materials to ensure continuous biogas production. After some biogas digesters are used for a period of time (2-3 months later), there will be no gas production or less gas production or gas production but no ignition, which may be due to the consumption of fermentation raw materials. At this time, it is necessary to consider adding new materials. The time of adding new materials shall be controlled to stop 1.5-2 months after the normal gas production of the new biogas digester, and the new materials shall be added gradually and continuously, without excessive input at one time.
?。?）堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)定的養(yǎng)殖量，是好的原料補(bǔ)充源。一座10立方米的沼氣池，要想取得持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)氣量，堅(jiān)持3～5頭豬（或1～3頭成牛）的養(yǎng)殖量為好，這即可保證充足的糞源供給，持續(xù)運(yùn)用沼氣，又能靠養(yǎng)殖増加家庭收入。
(2) it is the best supplement source of raw materials to maintain stable breeding quantity. If a 10 cubic meter biogas digester wants to achieve sustained and stable gas production, it is the best to maintain the breeding capacity of 3-5 pigs (or 1-3 adult cows), which can ensure adequate supply of manure sources, continue to use biogas, and increase family income by breeding.
?。?）勤進(jìn)、勤出、勤攪動，可大大進(jìn)步產(chǎn)氣量。為保證沼氣池能正常、穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生大量沼氣，就要做到勤進(jìn)料、勤出料。這既可保證有充足的發(fā)酵原料又有以下幾點(diǎn)益處：一是與定期大換料相比，不會形成大量沼氣菌的流失。二是對沼氣池內(nèi)料液的溫度影響較小。三是對池內(nèi)沼氣壓力變化影響小，不會呈現(xiàn)大換料后斷氣現(xiàn)象。四是對池內(nèi)料液酸堿度影響較小，有利于沼氣發(fā)酵穩(wěn)定停止。勤攪動能夠使沼氣池內(nèi)料液的濃度、溫度、酸堿度堅(jiān)持分歧；能夠使發(fā)酵原料與沼氣菌充沛混合接觸，進(jìn)步轉(zhuǎn)換率；能夠加快沼氣向外擴(kuò)散的速度，進(jìn)步產(chǎn)氣量。能夠突破原料浮殼層，有利沼氣釋放。勤進(jìn)、勤出、勤攪動均勻產(chǎn)氣量可進(jìn)步50％以上。
(3) frequent in, out and agitation can greatly improve gas production. In order to ensure the normal and stable production of a large amount of biogas in the biogas digester, it is necessary to feed and discharge materials frequently. This not only ensures that there are sufficient fermentation materials, but also has the following benefits: first, compared with regular large refueling, it will not form a large number of loss of biogas bacteria. Second, it has little effect on the temperature of the feed liquid in the biogas digester. Third, it has little effect on the change of biogas pressure in the tank and will not show the phenomenon of gas cut-off after large refueling. Fourth, it has little effect on the pH value of feed liquid in the tank, which is conducive to the stable stop of biogas fermentation. Frequent agitation can make the concentration, temperature and pH value of the feed liquid in the biogas digester stick to differences; it can make the fermentation raw materials and biogas bacteria fully mix and contact, improve the conversion rate; it can speed up the outward diffusion of biogas, and improve the gas production. It can break through the floating shell of raw materials and facilitate the release of biogas. More than 50% of the average gas production can be improved by frequent input, frequent output and frequent agitation.
?。?）冬季保暖是沼氣池終年運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵。冬季氣溫、地溫較低，特別是地溫對沼氣池產(chǎn)氣量影響尤為明顯，據(jù)多年調(diào)查理解，以3～4月份產(chǎn)氣少，以至是不產(chǎn)氣，所以，對冬季和早春季的沼氣池停止保溫是沼氣池終年運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵。
(4) keeping warm in winter is the key to the annual operation of biogas digesters. In winter, the temperature and ground temperature are relatively low, especially the ground temperature has an obvious impact on the gas production of biogas digesters. According to the investigation for many years, the gas production is the least from March to April, even the gas production is not. Therefore, the key to the annual operation of Biogas digesters is to stop the heat preservation of biogas digesters in winter and early spring.
?、僬託獬亟ㄔ鞎r(shí)宜先在背風(fēng)、向陽、地溫較高的中央。有條件的可建在日光溫室大棚內(nèi)。沒條件的也要建在凍土層以下。冬季池上堆蓋秸稈、雜草、鋸末等作為保溫資料。
?、?the biogas digester should be built in the center of leeward, sunny and high ground temperature. If possible, it can be built in a greenhouse. It should also be built under the permafrost. In winter, straw, weeds and sawdust are piled on the pond as heat preservation materials.
②沼氣池好建在畜禽圈舍下方，在做好圈舍保溫的同時(shí)也確保了沼氣池的保溫。
?、?the biogas digester is best built under the livestock and poultry enclosure, which ensures the insulation of the biogas digester at the same time.
?、鄱竞驮绱簳r(shí)節(jié)補(bǔ)充原料時(shí)好添加熱水，以進(jìn)步發(fā)酵原料和池內(nèi)的溫度。
③ it is better to add hot water when replenishing raw materials in winter and early spring to improve the temperature of fermentation raw materials and pool.
?、芤皶r(shí)補(bǔ)充發(fā)酵原料，進(jìn)步料液濃度。但不宣添加粘、雜草等含碳素高的原料作為補(bǔ)充。
④ the raw materials for fermentation should be supplemented in time to improve the concentration of feed solution. However, it is not recommended to add raw materials with high carbon content such as sticky and weeds as supplements.
?、菀跀噭樱蜏貤l件下沼氣池易結(jié)売、分層，需求增強(qiáng)攪動。普通每3～4天攪動一次為好，可自制攪拌器從進(jìn)料口伸入池內(nèi)攪動，也可應(yīng)用沼液回流攪動（即用水桶從水壓間內(nèi)取出一定沼液后從進(jìn)料口倒入池內(nèi)）。
?、?frequent agitation is required. At low temperature, the biogas digester is easy to form and stratified, and the demand is increased. Generally, it is better to agitate once every 3-4 days. The self-made agitator can be extended into the tank from the feed port for agitation, or the biogas slurry can be used for backflow agitation (that is, take a certain amount of biogas slurry out of the water pressure room with a bucket and then pour it into the tank from the feed port).
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2019-12-03
